Strengthening Contributions of Mechanical Twinning and Dislocations to the Flow Stress of Hadfield High-Manganese Steel: Quantitative Analysis

The flow stress of Hadfield steel is attributed to lattice friction, dynamic strain aging (DSA), mechanical twinning, and forest hardening. However, it has not been clarified yet which mechanism quantitatively contributes most the work Here, an austenitic containing 1.1 wt.% C 12.5 Mn was studied, tensile tests at a rate 1 s−1 were performed neglect DSA effect. friction estimated by Hall–Petch relationship. Twin plates characteristics dislocation densities TEM XRD, 11, 18, 25, 38, 55% levels. A linear approach utilized model stress. At 11 18% strain, role twinning dominated hardening contributions with 195 261.6 MPa higher than recorded 135.5 250.2 MPa, respectively. With level increase, thicknesses twinned increased from 30 125 nm respectively, resulting in reduced contribution while rising effect dislocations noticed large levels (38 55%) recording 437.2 544 likewise 416.7 500.5